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This page documents the best way to configure a Raspberry Pi to behave as a USB mobile-broadband-dongle to RJ45 ethernet adapter. This enables mobile-based broadband to secure the WAN port of your commodity home NAT router after which be shared inside home in exactly the same as an ADSL or cable-based web connection.
In the absence of any wired broadband connection, it will pay to be able to utilize a mobile-broadband dongle that has a conventional home router make it possible for the connection to the web to be shared between multiple devices including over WiFi, and then for those devices to determine each other. Dedicated mobile broadband routers into which a 3G/USB dongle is usually plugged happen to be available Netgear MBR624GMBRN3000, but generally only accept a subset of obsolete dongles - and are also expensive since they are a limited-market product. Having recently upgraded to a brand new Huawei E3256 HiLink mobile-broadband dongle, I start configuring a Raspberry Pi like a USB-3G-dongle to RJ45 ethernet adapter, which may then feed the WAN port of your commodity home NAT router.
This write-up will start in the very beginning. It assumes you've a Raspberry Pi, a power supply for doing this, some kind of an monitor for connecting to the Pi, an existing web connection on an RJ45 ethernet cable for creating, plus a Huawei HiLink mobile-broadband dongle. If you produce an older non-HiLink dongle then most in this still applies, but youll need to seek some more info on the utilization of Sakis3G from elsewhere.
The Rasperry Pi can be a small, cheap 30 computer which runs Linux.
The SD card image you wish is: or perhaps a later version.
Assuming your primary computer is Windows-based, youll should download the Win32DiskImager linked from your same page.
The Win32DiskImager is often a bit minimalist and quirky, but does the project.
Use Win32DiskImager to publish the Raspian image for your 4GB or greater SD card.
Note this will irrecoverably overwrite anything that's previously around the SD card!
Plug a monitor in to the Pi HDMI is preferable, but a composite signal on the phono-socket with a TV/monitor is workable
If youve already got your home router, then it's strongly far better put an ethernet cable between your Pi ethernet socket and also a spare LAN outlet in your router.
Finally, plug inside the power-supply/charger - that will be rated for about 700mA 0.7A
After some Linux-like boot stuff, you will be greeted with the Raspberry Pi config screen:
Normally youd require to use the option to flourish the SD card to any or all the space at this time, however this could complicate burning the SD card image and restoring it for some other cards. If with the moment your primary use with the Pi is to be a router, then dont utilize expand SD-card image choice for now. Exit the config screen if you're done.
Like a PC, you shouldnt just pull the plug on the Pi. Youre liable to get SD-card corruption in case you just turn off by pulling the electricity.
and wait several seconds for this to shut down, the screen to search blank, and many types of the LEDs except the red one within the Pi to visit off. Then unplug the 5V power-supply/charger.
To re-run the config program without notice in future, type:
To reboot the Pi on the command-line, type:
When working which has a good composite standard-definition TV monitor, instead of an HDMI monitor, these changes for the file in boot or visible once you plug the SD card in a PC can certainly make the display more readable. Note this can be optimised for your PAL system used inside the UK; the overscan params suit my Swann monitor, your mileage are different. Positive overscan values shrink the whole picture relative towards the TV frame, negative numbers grow it in accordance with some arbitrary overscan-enabled nominal.
WAS additions 2013TV out, UK PAL, Swann monitor sdtvmode2 2 - PAL0 - NTSC sdtvaspect1 4:3 disableoverscan0 use overscan shrink the style; params below overscanleft0 use - 18 for NTSC overscanright-22 use - 14 for NTSC overscantop-24 overscanbottom-22 use - 22 - 24 loses bottom cursor! framebufferwidth600 that is useable for console; try 800x600 for GUI framebufferheight400
Assuming youve got an already-working ethernet router with another computer, it will likely be easier to do the customisation in the Pi configuration with a SSH secure-shelltelnet-like connection than through the Pis own keyboard. If nothing else, this lets you copy-and-paste commands using this web page in to the Pi, eliminating the potential of typing errors!
When you boot the Pi, on the end on the boot sequence before the Username login prompt, it says to you its IP address. On this release with the R-Pi OS, SSH seems to be enabled automagically - or else then re-run raspi-config.
Point your SSH client PuTTY to your IP address stated through your and youre in. Log in as piraspberry.
Although having SSH makes pursuing the instructions for this page less of a challenge and allows cutnpaste, realistically you still need a monitor and keyboard connected to your Pi while performing the setup described. Not least so you are able to see what are the results if/when ethernet is reconfigured!
Early Pis had restricted power about the USB ports and required the use of the powered USB hub; new Pis since end of 2012, those with two large mounting-holes from the PCB have removed some with the current-limiting components within the USB connectors which enables it to now supply adequate power for any USB 3G modem - provided much of your power supply is up towards the job. Although a powered hub may be useful when you have problems, relationship it wont be necessary.
Huawei dongles - multi-functionmulti-personality USB devices. Present themselves towards the system into that you plug them as variously read-only CD-ROM device typically for your Windows installer, an SD or micro-SD card reader, and also a modem or network-adapter device. In the Linux community you might read much about USB modeswitch ing - which can be about pursuading the unit to swap in one personality for the other and then we can make use of the bit we'd like.
Older generation Huawei 3G mobile-broadband dongles were interfaced as modem-like devices - as well as supported an AT command-set! For these you could have to explicity operate a short script to initialise appreciable link by dialling a pseudo number etc.
The latest Huawei dongles have HiLink - which means they connect on the mobile-network automatically when powered-up/plugged-in, promote themselves over USB to be a network interface device instead of a as well as have their own mini-web-server to offer a web interface status page etc. One drawback with the new HiLink interface is the fact that its IP address can be as far as you may know fixed - at 192.168.1.1 for many of these modems - some models can vary. If you have already got home-networks with all the subnet, then it is likely to make trouble. Of course you'll be able to normally reconfigure your other routers to work with a different subnet, but this is often a bit annoying. Bear this under consideration as we progress together with the setup.
I believe HiLink modems may be operated in legacy non-HiLink, modem- mode, but thats in the evening scope of the page.
piraspberrypi sudo apt-get install usb-modeswitch Reading package Done Building dependency tree Reading state Done The following extra packages is going to be installed: libjim0debian2 usb-modeswitch-data Suggested packages: comgt wvdial The following NEW packages will likely be installed: libjim0debian2 usb-modeswitch usb-modeswitch-data 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to eliminate and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 118 kB/202 kB of archives. After this operation, 609 kB of extra disk space is going to be used. Do you need to continue Y/n? Y Get:1 /raspbian/wheezy/main libjim0debian2 armhf 0.73-3 118 kB Fetched 118 kB in 5s 20.9 kB/s Selecting previously unselected package libjim0debian2:armhf. Reading 59216 files and directories currently installed. Unpacking libjim0debian2:armhf Selecting previously unselected package usb-modeswitch-data. Unpacking usb-modeswitch-data Selecting previously unselected package usb-modeswitch. Unpacking usb-modeswitch Processing triggers for Setting up libjim0debian2:armhf
Then you must customise the modeswitch config file, in/etc
and paste in, for the end with the file,
Save the modified file ctrlO, enter, then ctrlX to relinquish the editor, then reboot the Pi which has a
Note that because were having a HiLink modem, you can bypass many steps you may find out about elsewhere
The following commands can be entered right from a keyboard attached to your Pi, or via SSH which can be easier for cutting a pasting more complex lines.
to show connected USB devices.
piraspberrypi lsusb Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9512 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 001 Device 007: ID 12d1:1f01 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Bus 001 Device 004: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB-2.0 4-Port HUB Bus 001 Device 005: ID 1c4f:0026 SiGma Micro Bus 001 Device 006: ID 046d:c05b Logitech, Inc. M-U0004 810-001317 B110 Optical USB Mouse piraspberrypi
Note that this Huawei modem is shown with device ID 12d1:1f01 - which corresponds to its CD-ROM personality not the network-adapter personality.
Note it might be possible to generate the next steps somehow just utilizing the usb-modeswitch package, though the s3G-utils solution below works - and apparently s3G includes the usb-modeswitch package anyway
piraspberrypi sudo apt-get install sg3-utils Reading package Done Building dependency tree Reading state Done The following NEW packages are going to be installed: sg3-utils 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to eliminate and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 662 kB of archives. After this operation, 1, 590 kB more disk space will probably be used. Get:1 /raspbian/wheezy/main sg3-utils armhf 1.33-1 662 kB Fetched 662 kB in 1s 396 kB/s Selecting previously unselected package sg3-utils. Reading 59216 files and directories currently installed. Unpacking sg3-utils Processing triggers for Setting up sg3-utils piraspberrypi
piraspberrypi lsusb Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9512 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 001 Device 004: ID 12d1:14db Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Bus 001 Device 005: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB-2.0 4-Port HUB Bus 001 Device 006: ID 046d:c05b Logitech, Inc. M-U0004 810-001317 B110 Optical USB Mouse piraspberrypi
If so you see a 12d1:14db device the network adapter personality then were good to visit. But most probably you may need to enter
to mode-switch the unit.
to verify the mode has switched.
and see whether an eth1 device has appeared. If it has, then temporarily configure it through an IP address about the same subnet as being the inherent Huawei system which can be 192.168.1.1 with the E3256, so
sudo ifconfig eth1 192.168.1.47
Type ifconfig - a again to check if the revolutionary IP address has stuck. With any luck you are able to then ping the and have a response
piraspberrypi ping 192.168.1.1 PING 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 5684 bytes of internet data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmpreq1 ttl64 time2.88 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmpreq2 ttl64 time1.08 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmpreq3 ttl64 time1.09 ms C - - 192.168.1.1 ping statistics - - 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev 1.089/1.688/2.884/0.845 ms
Assuming the above mentined temporary-test worked, you next need for making the configuration more permanent. This involves making their modeswitching step permanent, and configuring the network interface.
To automate the mode switch, create a different file
SUBSYSTEMSusb, ATTRSmodaliasusb:v12D1p1F01, SYMLINKhwcdrom, RUN/usr/bin/sgraw/dev/hwcdrom 11 06 20 00 00 00 00 00 01 00
and when you are retyping this as opposed to copy-and-pasting it, note that this brackets around modalias are curly-braces!
Save the modified file ctrlO, enter, then ctrlX to stop the editor,
Save the modified file ctrlO, enter, then ctrlX to stop the editor.
Following the reboot, the Pi should now say My IP address is 192.168.1.100, the spot that the IP address assigned through your setup on the RJ45 ethernet socket, and 192.168.1.100 may be the address assigned towards the Pi about the Huawei pseudo network adapter.
If theres any problems, then confirm the interface adapters using
If you unplug any RJ45 network that had been plugged to the Pi eg for SSHing in and reboot the Pi with all the keyboard, and signing in using the when you dont unplug the ethernet, the Pi may try to contact the net via that route
You are able to ping your preferred webserver eg and find a response. Congrats - your Pi is connecting to the world wide web over your Huawei HiLink dongle. If you ran startx you could make use of a webbrowser in there
Were now well about the way on this project!
So to generate the Pi work being a standalone router, theres a little more config to accomplish. Essentially we need to generate it act like a DHCP server so that it allocates an IP address to whatever its ethernet port is plugged in to and also to route traffic relating to the dongle and it is ethernet port.
However this article: seems clearer plus much more informative in certain respects, although their project is with all the Pi as being a wireless router developing a wireless-LAN having a WiFi USB dongle served with internet in the ethernet so theyre sending the traffic one other way. My guide below is largely a hybrid of such two resources.
If you started that has a default Pi installation, and followed these instructions until now, your
In this configuration, eth0, which may be the Pis ethernet socket, is configured to get an IP address in the DHCP server on anything connected to.
Going forward however, we would like to provide ethernet port a static LAN IP address and produce the Pi chance a DHCP server on that port. This allows the Pi to look at charge if it's connected with an RJ45 ethernet cable either directly with a PC or towards the WAN-side of your domestic router.
Before making the modifications, that might at least temporarily lock us away from conveniently SSHing in, download and install the DHCP server package using:
Actually, before that worked, I had to run
piraspberrypi sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server Reading package Done Building dependency tree Reading state Done The following extra packages will probably be installed: isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common Suggested packages: resolvconf avahi-autoipd isc-dhcp-server-ldap The following NEW packages will probably be installed: isc-dhcp-server The following packages is going to be upgraded: isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common 2 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to eliminate and 161 not upgraded. Need to get 2, 433 kB of archives. After this operation, 1, 876 kB of extra disk space are going to be used. Do you wish to continue Y/n? Y Get:1 /raspbian/wheezy/main isc-dhcp-client armhf 1-5deb70u3 743 kB Get:2 /raspbian/wheezy/main isc-dhcp-common armhf 1-5deb70u3 804 kB Get:3 /raspbian/wheezy/main isc-dhcp-server armhf 1-5deb70u3 886 kB Fetched 2, 433 kB in 7s 330 kB/s Preconfiguring Reading 59387 files and directories currently installed. Preparing to replace isc-dhcp-client 1-5deb70u2 Unpacking replacement Preparing to replace i
This can have installed a template dhcp configuration file, which we currently need to customise:
Add this block assuming youre pleased to use addresses - you will need any non-routable address block excluding used with the dongle and excluding whatever your router normally issues typically.
authoritative; WAS 20130403 inserted block for my DHCP subnet 192.168.50.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 range 192.168.50.10 192.168.50.250; option broadcast-address 192.168.50.255; option routers 192.168.50.1; default-lease-time 43200; max-lease-time 172800; option domain-name local; option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4; Google DNS interface eth0;
Note that Ive extended the default and maximum DHCP lease times to well-above the 600second 10-minute default. You can read up about tuning lease-times elsewhere, but setting them as well short could potentially cause network hiccups especially with streaming connections like Skype!
sudo/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server restart
Actually you probably have to have set the network interface up first, to prevent errors!
Again were while using the same address space - as set up inside DHCP section above.
auto lo iface lo inet loopback ETH0 may be the RJ45 Ethernet socket. We now desire to give slideshow static IP and manage a DHCP server onto it - note the DHCP server is setup elsewhere auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.50.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.50.0 broadcast 192.168.50.255 gateway 192.168.50.1 ETH1 is our Huawei HiLink dongle. The dongle allocates us an IP addr within this port allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet dhcp allow-hotplug wlan0 iface wlan0 inet manual wpa-roam iface default inet dhcp
If Im honest, Im not 100% sure from the all the implications of employing auto eth0 and/or auto eth1 inside/etc/network/interfaces nevertheless it doesnt seem to be well whatsoever? with all the auto lines active, so theyre either not present, or are commented in my file. Im also unsure of what iface default inet dhcp can do, and whether which may add any unwanted uncertainty.
then write the file and exit the editor.
Probably have to reboot at least restart networking at this time.
sudo/etc/init.d/networking restart
Then, to configure the NAT routing tables, enter:
To choose this temporary change permanent, write this current temporary iptables configuration with a file
Now we need to make use of a script to recover those tables if your Pi is booted. Theres more than one way of performing this, but a great way is to add it to the end with the
configuration file. Open the register for editing:
And then for the end from the file, insert the cloths line:
Save the file and exit the editor.
Reboot now, along with your computer should then have the capacity to access the world wide web via the Pi!
Note to self: Ahhhh probably should limit DHCP serving to eth0 to protect yourself from problems, then can set to authoritative. Otherwise might get away with non-authorativite without limiting ports
These are things Id like to perform, but havent yet
Would be much better if we didnt ought to sudo poweroff each of the time. Suggested that when we managed to get a read only installation, without any logging etc then itd be safe to pull the facility ad-hoc.
Might allow it to be boot faster. I could then also make SD-card image accessible for download - to offer you a quicker-start!
I possess some older non-HiLink dongles, and SIM cards for other networks. Itd be informative to support the older modems and/as well as to have a setup in which the system would automatically make use of the second dongle/connection when the first suffered a hiccup. A true real-time load-balencing system will be nice, but I think unfortunately, from the general case this might require cooperation coming from a server elsewhere about the net to re-combine the pipes at additional end.
Im not particularly serious about doing this as Im happy to utilize the extra functionality of the fully fledged wireless/router, however you could put a USB WiFi device inside the Pi and share the net connection through the mobile-broadband dongle over WiFi. Others do this - see hints
USB-WiFi interface to get a hard-drive along with perhaps media server? - to have in the different room from my WiFi router
USB satellite TV-receiver head-end - streaming source?xbmc?
After some Linux - like boot stuff, you need to be greeted through the Raspberry Pi config screen:
If you dont already offer an SSH client on the PC, then download puTTY from this point: You just need the modern release version of.
9.7. Customization following images are actually created
10.1. The boot hangs after Starting network
Buildroot 2015.11 manual generated on 2015-11-30 22:15:39 UTC from git revision 3f90e53
The Buildroot manual is written with the Buildroot developers. It is licensed within the GNU General Public License, version 2. Refer for the COPYING file inside Buildroot sources for your full text with this license.
Buildroot can be a tool that simplifies and automates particles building a complete Linux system on an embedded system, using cross-compilation.
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Buildroot pays to mainly for anyone working with embedded systems. Embedded systems often use processors which can be not a normal x86 processors everybody is used to having within his PC. They could be PowerPC processors, MIPS processors, ARM processors, etc.
Buildroot supports numerous processors as well as their variants; it also is sold with default configurations for a number of boards available off-the-shelf. Besides this, quite a few third-party projects provide, or develop their BSP
Buildroot was created to run on Linux systems.
While Buildroot itself will build most host packages it needs to the compilation, certain standard Linux utilities are required to be already installed about the host system. Below you'll find an overview in the mandatory and optional packages remember that package names can vary greatly between distributions.
For these libraries, you'll want to install both runtime and development data, which in most distributions are packaged separately. The development packages normally have a -dev or -devel suffix.
In a state tree, most in the package sources are retrieved using