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Saksit Suetrong, CEO, Robotics Engineer at iA-Robotics
1. BASICS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM Presented By: Mangalayatan University, Aligarh Sumit Pachauri Student: MBA IIIrd Sem.
2. TYPES OF COMPUTER 1. 2. 3. 4. PERSONAL COMPUTER MAINFRAME COMPUTER MINICOMPUTER SUPER COMPUTER
3. PERSONAL COMPUTER The most common sorts of computer is home pc- the right computer that's designed to take a seat on a desk or table. These will be the systems the thing is all around you, in class, homes, and office. Todays pcs are more powerful as opposed to runners of just a couple of years ago. Not only do these machine enable website visitors to do their jobs with more easily and efficient, nonetheless they can be familiar with communicate, produce music, edit photographs and videos, etc. the primary components with the personal computer may be the system units.
4. COMPUTER SYSTEM THE COMPUTER DEFINED In basic term, your working computer is an camera that processes data, converting it into information that may be useful to people. Any computer- no matter its type- is controlled by programmed instructions, that gives the machine a reason and tell it how to handle it.
5. MAINFRAME COMPUTER Mainframe computer are employed in large organizations for example insurance companies and banks, where many people frequently require to use the same data. In a traditional mainframe environment, each user accesses the mainframes resources by having a device known as the terminal. There are two forms of terminals. A dumb terminal isn't going to process or store data; it's just an input/output device that functions like a window into your personal computer located elsewhere. An intelligent terminal is capable of doing some processing operations, but it really usually won't have any storage. In some mainframe environments, however, workers may use a standard pc to access the mainframe.
6. MINICOMPUTER First released within the 1960s, minicomputers got their name for their small size when compared with other computer on the day. The capabilities of an minicomputer are anywhere between those of mainframe and pcs. For this reason minicomputers are often called midrange computers.
7. SUPERCOMPUTER Supercomputers are definitely the most powerful computers made, and physically they can be some with the largest. These systems can process huge amounts of knowledge, as well as the fastest supercomputers are able to do more than one trillion calculations per second.
8. PARTS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM A complete personal computer consists of mainly four parts. 1. Hardware The computer 2. Software Programs 3. Data Information 4. User People Hardware The mechanical devices comprise the computer are known as Hardware. A computers hardware is made up of interconnected gadgets that you will use to control the computers operation, input, and output. Software Software is some instructions that makes laptop perform tasks. In other words we can easily say that, software tells the computer how to proceed. Here this system refers to a piece of writing of software
9. Data Data include individual facts or components of information that themselves may not make much sense into a person. A computer main work is to process these tiny items of data in several ways, converting them into useful information Users Peoples are definitely the computer operators, often known as users. One can conisder that some desktops are complete with out a persons involvement; however no computer is very autonomous. Even if some type of computer can do its job without having a person sitting in front of it, people still design, build, program, and repair personal computer
10. INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE. Information processing cycle is a couple of steps laptop computer follows for data, process the details according to instructions coming from a program, display the resulting information towards the user, and keep results. MEMORY INPUT CU ALU OUTPUT
11. ESSENTIAL COMPUTER HARDWARE A Computers hardware devices fit in one of four categories. Processor: The procedure that transforms raw data into useful data is called processing. The processor is a lot like the brain of laptop or computer. A laptops processor is commonly a Single or some chips contained with a circuitboard. Memory devices: Memory tools are of two kinds. R A M Random Access Memory:RAM is similar to an electronic scratch pad within the is made up of the set of chips mounted on the small circuit is really a volatile memory. RAM incorporates a tremendous affect on the speed and power from the computer. R O M Read Only Memory: ROM is often a non-volatile memory. ROM permanently stores its data, even when the pc is shut holds contents that the pc needs to operate.
12. C U control unit: All the computers resources are managed in the control unit. It act as being a traffic signal directing the flow of information through the CPU in addition to and using their company devices. The CPU instructions for carrying out commands are made into the control unit. The control unit could be the logical hub on the computer. A L U Arithmetic logic unit: The work in the ALU is usually to perform arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic operation include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical operation include comparison, for instance determining whether one number is equivalent to, higher than, or under another number.
13. INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES Input devices: The following are the sorts of input devices. KEYBOARD: The most common sort of input device is keyboard which accepts letters, numbers, and command on the users. MOUSE: This is another form of input device where the user give command to laptop computer. JOYSTICK: The joystick can be a swiveling lever mounted over a stationary base that is certainly well suited for online video video games. SCANNER: A scanner ca copy a printed page of the text or graphic to the computers memory, freeing via creating the info From scratch. DIGITAL CAMERA: A digital camera can record still iamges, which you'll want to view and edit on laptop computer. TOUCH SCREEN: Touch screen accept input by allowing anyone to place a fingertips directly on the pc screen.
14. utput devices: he following would be the type of output devices. MONITOR: The computer sends output for the monitor the dislay screen when the person needs simply to see the output. SPEAKER: This is another form of output devices by which we familiar with hear sound and music. PRINTER: Printer is most commonly encountered output device inside omputer printer we employed to print the informion with a piece of paper. The printer paper can also be called hard opy. YPES OF PRINTER: enerally printers get into two categories. Impact printers: An impact printer creates a perception by using pins and hammers o press an inked ribbon resistant to the paper Ex:- typewriter.
15. II. Non-impact printer: Non-impact printer use other way to create an :Inkjet Printer use tiny nozzles to spray to spray droplets of ink to the page. DOT MATRIX PRINTER: These printer can produce sheet of plain text very printer are normally used in workplace where physical impact using the paper is vital. The speed of dot matrix printer is Measured in character per second CPS. Other varieties of impact printer is line printers, band printers. INK JET PRINTERS: Ink jet printers create an image upon the paper by spreading Ink through tiny nozzles. These model typically attain print resolution that is at least 300 dots per inch which enables it to print 2 to 4 page Per minute. In this kind of printer routine replacing ink cartridge is critical.
16. LASER PRINTERS: As the name implies, a laser printer are at the heart of the printer. These printer is most costly than lazer printer, their print quality are higher and faster. The quality and speed of laser printers get them to ideal for place of work. The most typical laser printers have resolutions of 300 or 600 dpi both vertically and horizontally. ALL-IN-ONE PERIPHERALS: Several printers makers make printer based on all-in-one. These devices combine printing with scanning, photocopying, and Faxing tools are popular in home based, offices, and smaller businesses.
17. SING OPERATING SYSTEM: he OS can be an example of system software- software that controls he systems hardware knowning that interacts with the consumer and pplication software. In short OS would be the computers master control rogram. The OS provides you together with the tool so that you to nteract while using PC. ypes of os: perating system may be organized into four types. Real-time main system. Single-user/single-tasking main system. Single-user/multitasking operating-system. Multi-user/multitasking os. Real-time main system A realtime operating system is often a very fast, relatively small OS. hey are build to the circuitry of an device and are certainly not loaded from disk drive. A real-time OS is necessary to run real-time application
18. Real time application are essential to run medical diagnostics equipment, life support system, machinery, scientific instruments, and industrial systems. 2. Single-user/single-tasking os: An os that allows just one user to carry out just one task at a time is often a single-user/single-tasking operating can just manage one particular task each time. MS-DOS is example of your single tasking OS. 3. Single-user/multitasking os: A Single-user/multitasking os is one who allows a Single user to execute two or higher functions at a time. The multitasking features of the OSs have greatly increased the productivity of people inside the large various jobs simply because can accomplish a lot sooner. The disadvantages of Single-user/multitasking operating system could be the increased size, complexity to aid multitasking.
19. 4. Multi-user/multitasking computer: A Multi-user/multitasking operating system is surely an operating system that enables multiple users to make use of programs that happen to be simultaneously running over a single network server. In a Multi-user/multitasking main system environment, all or most in the computing occurs with the server. The advantage of such operating system is that they may be managed just by making changes to a single server in lieu of to many computer's desktop. A disadvantages is when the network connection for the server is Broken, the person can not do any work from the application of server. Ex- UNIX, VMS, and mainframe operating system for instance MVS.
20. THE KEYBOARD The keyboard was one in the first peripherals for use with computers, which is still the key input device for entering text and numbers. A standard keyboard includes about 100 keys; each key sends another signal on the CPU.
21. Numeric keys pe ALPHABET KEYS Function keys Backspace Shift key Caps lock Esc a TAB KEY Control key ALT y te ke na Alter Space bar Arrow keys ENTER KEY tk rtcu Sho ey ke art St y
22. THE MOUSE A home pc that was purchased inside the early 1980s probably included a keyboard because only input device. It is often a pointing device. A mouse is definitely an input device that you could move around with a flat surface and control the pointer. The pointer is definitely an on-screen object, usually an arrow, which is use to choose text, access menus, and connect to programs, files, or data that show on the screen.
23. CATEGORISED STORAGE DEVICES The purpose of an storage device is hold data-even when your computer is turned off-so the information can be used whenever it is needed. Storage involves two processes: writing, or recording, the details so it might be found later in order to use. Reading the stored data, then transferring it in the computers memory. The physical material on what data is stored are known as storage media. The hardware components that write data to, and browse data from, storage media these are known as storage devices. For example: a diskette.
24. STORAGE DEVICES MAGNETIC STORAGE DEVICE Magnetic storage device are use the identical medium the information on which the info is stored, diskette derives, hard disks, high-capacity floppy disk drives, and tape drives use similar procedures for writing and reading data. The surfaces of diskettes, devices, high- capacity floppy disks, and magnetic tape are coated which has a magnetically sensitive material, for example iron oxide, that reacts into a magnetic field.
25. High-capacity hole Sliding hole cover Write-protect hole Locked Unlocked Drive hole Diskette hub Index hole Sliding shutter
26. OPTICAL STORAGE DEVICE The most popular choices to magnetic storage systems are optical systems are optical systems, including CD-ROM, DVDROM, as well as their variants. These devices get into the category of optical storage since they store data using a reflective surface so it could be read by way of a beam of laser light. A laser utilizes a concentrated, narrow beam of light, focused and directed with lenses, prisms, and mirrors.
28. CD-ROM The familiar audio compact disk is really a popular medium for storing music. In your computer world, however, the medium is known as COMPACT DISK-READ-ONLY MEMORY -ROM uses the identical technology familiar with produce music CD. If your computer carries a CD-ROM drive, sound card, and speakers, you may play audio cds on your PC.A CD-ROM drive reads digital data whether computer data or audio from your spinning disk by focusing a laser for the disks surface. Data is storage from the form of lands, that happen to be flat areas about the metal surface, and pits, which might be depressions or hollows. A standard cd can store 650 MB of internet data or about 70 minutes of audio.
29. DVD-ROM Many of todays new PCs come with a built-in DIGITAL VIDEO DISK-read-only memory DVD-ROM drive rather than an ordinary CD-ROM drive. DVD-ROM is really a highdensity medium effective at storing a fulllength movie using a single disk the size of any CD.
30. VIDEO AND SOUND VIDEO CARDS The quality on the images that your monitor is capable of showing is defined as much from the video card also referred to as video controller as with the monitor itself. The video controller is surely an intermediary device between CPU plus the monitor. It contains the recording dedicated memory as well as other circuitry required to send information for the monitor for display about the screen.
31. SOUNDS SYSTEMS Microphones are important input devices, and speakers and associated technologies are key output system. Sounds systems are especially beneficial to people who use their computer to make or use multimedia products, watch videos or hear music, or be involved in online activities for instance videoconferences or learning online.
32. SOUND CARDS The most complicated part of an computers sound system may be the sound card. A computers sound card is often a circuit board that converts sounds from analog to digital form, and the other way around, for recording or playback. A sounds card actually has both input and output functions. If you want to utilize your computers microphone to record your voice, as an illustration, you connect the microphone to your sounds cards input jack.
Computer hardware component. ppt
GENERATION OF COMPUTERS.
Clipping is often a handy strategy to collect important slides you intend to go back to later.
To insert a table, squeeze cursor where you
Choose Table, Insert, Table from your drop down
In the dialog box, select the number of columns
The table appears in a smaller box.
Begin entering the text you want from the table.
After entering your entire words, edit the
and Shading on the drop down menu. Then
To insert a graphic, place your cursor where you
Choose Insert, Picture, From File and select the
Your image might appear too big. Dont worry, you
on any in the four corners.
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Bananas I like bananas. I eat them everyday. Ba
nanas are the most popular fruit. They are yellow and
sweet. Bananas are great for ones health.
Because these are so delicious, they generate a
perfect dessert or snack.
The first slide appears with all the Title. Under
it, you might write your reputation.
View of one's presentation.
To combine bullets, simply press Enter.
To insert a whole new slide, choose Insert, New Slide.
different layout choose Format, Slide Layout and
select the format you need.
To preview your presentation, click within the
preview icon from the lower left-hand corner. It
looks being a projection screen.
While viewing the preview, go through the Space Key or
Down Arrow for the keyboard to watch the next slide.
They make our work easier.
They allow us to gain access to the Internet.
They provide entertainment.
Now, lets try all of those tasks on our
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This learners guide is often a long term project inspired by twelve numerous teaching computers. The guide will be developed and updated as time permits.
Keywords and technical terms have been in bold.
Please make use of this guide and provide the URL address to friends that are starting out. There is usually a page to supply feed-back with the end.
To undergo this tutorial makes use of the Back or Next buttons for the top or bottom of each and every page or jump into a specific page with all the drop-down menu in the top in the page.
To read with the entire variety of Introduction to Computers documents click your mouse button below around the words Click here to start with.
This is Version 5 on the guide. Comments are appreciated. If you notice a blunder please click corrections and paste the mistake in the form that appears.
This resource is provided because of the web development company GrassRootsDesign. GrassRootsDesign isn't going to reply to computer related questions. Please visit Wikipedia if you're looking for additional or even more advanced info on computers.
Last update: March 20, 2012
Should the Introduction to Computers give a video version?
Data can be a collection of unorganized facts, which
include words, numbers, images, and sounds.
Computers process data to make information.
Information is data that's organized, has
Example reports, newsletters, a receipt, a
picture, an invoice or maybe a check.
4. Terms laptop or computer technology
Input the info entered into a pc.
Output the processed results.
and information for future use.
or uses the details it generates.
Hardware the electrical, electronic and
tells the hardware how to complete tasks.
Atanasoff-Berry Computer 1939, from IEEE
1. First Generation 1939-1954 - vacuum tube
1937 - John V. Atanasoff designed the initial
demonstrate in Nov. the ABC
1943 - In Britain, the Colossus was designed
1945 - John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
Atanasoff-Berry Computer 1939,
First transistor model, December 1947.
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William
Laboratories, from Smithsonian NMAH
SEAC with 10, 000 newly developed
circuits, as well as the first magnetic disk
1953 - Tom Watson, Jr., led IBM to introduce
the model 604 computer, its
first with transistors, that
1957, the 1st solid-state
computer with the commercial market.
first, cost 8 vs.75 for the vacuum
to study. IBM also developed the
IC, from Smithsonian NMAH
3. Third Generation Computers 1959 - 1971 IC
the 1st integrated circuit in Feb. 1959 Kilby
had made his first germanium IC in Oct. 1958
product using IC was the assistive hearing device in Dec.
Apple I of 1976, from Smithsonian NMAH
4. Fourth Generation 1971-Present
1971 - Gilbert Hyatt at Micro Computer Co.
February introduced the 4-bit 4004, a VSLI of
2300 components, with the Japanese company Busicom
introduced the initial 8-inch memory disk, as it
was called then, and the floppy disk later
Intel announced the primary microcomputer, the
5. Fifth Generation Present and Beyond
the best type laptop or computer. These
by very big organizations.
Eg. NASA uses supercomputers to follow and
control space explorations.
need specially wired, air conditioned
rooms. Not powerfully as supercomputers.
Eg. Insurance companies use mainframe to
are refrigerator-sized machines. Medium-sized
always use them commercially specific purposes.
Eg. Production departments use minicomputers
assembly line operations.
The least powerful, however the most widely used and
fastest-growing, style of microcomputers
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